The reality of war Essay Example for Free

The reality of war Essay Choose two or more poems from the selection that reveal the reality of war. Write about these poems in as much detail as possible, comparing the attitude and tone in each poem. The two poems I have chosen are dulce et decorum est and anthem for doomed youth which are both written by Wilfred Owen in October 1917, who served in the great war. He wrote many poems about the reality of war which he learned during the years he served, to try and bring out the truth of war which was being covered up by jingoistic writers and propaganda. In both of the poems there is a very negative, depressing tone. The reason for writing these poems is to uncover the harsh realities of war, and to show men thinking of joining up to the forces the real life of war, and not the way the jingoistic writers have been showing the war. Because the way people saw the war back in Britain was totally different to the war in the trenches, and Owen was not pleased with this at all. Wilfred Edward Salter Owen was born on March 18, 1893. and after visiting a hospital he decided, in September, 1915, to go back to England and sign up. After serving for almost two years Owen was injured in March 1917 and sent home; he was fit for duty in August, 1918, and returned to the frontline. November 4, just seven days before the Armistice, he was caught in a German machine gun attack and killed. He was twenty-five when he died The meaning of dulce et decorum est is quite an ironic and sarcastic meaning , because it means it is sweet and honourable to die for your country, but Owen really doesnt agree with this at all, therefore he is being sarcastic. In my opinion the poem is written for men thinking of joining up to the army, that need to know what war life is really like. The conditions in the trenches was very bad, and the very bad condition that the soldiers had to withstand. The soldiers had to march for days without rest and carrying severe injuries. Bent double, like old beggars under sacks , knock kneed , coughing like hags This tells us that they have been squatting in their small trenches, and their not used to the walking. And also it shows us that they were helpless and the conditions were awful. The soldiers had been walking for days, and that the lack of medication and the gasses used in the war was causing had caused the soldiers to become very ill, and they started coughing. There was also a severe lack of rest amongst the soldiers and the soldiers men marched asleep but they were very determined to carry on, but most of them didnt know what was happening and they were practically asleep, but they had nothing else to do, had nothing left apart from to carry on marching til the end. They were like zombies marching to their death Real war life was totally different from what the jingoistic writers had made it out to be. limped on, blood-shod. All went lame all went blind The soldiers were injured badly, and covered in blood (not only their own) but they are very determined to carry on. The soldiers also had chosen to try and ignore what was happening and were choosing to be blind, and not watch what was happening, because it was very depressing. Other bad conditions for the soldiers is the noise factor Deaf even to the hoots this shows us that because of all of the explosions and the guns firing, and the soldiers were used to the noise, and blocked it out altogether, because all day there was bombs going off , and guns firing. The soldiers didnt seem to be prepared for everything, because as the warning for the gas attack. And it seemed to be quite manic, as the soldiers tried to put on their helmets. an ecstasy of fumbling usually ecstasy means excitement, or something positive. But in this case it is the opposite and it is a very worrying time. There was also many risks , which the jingoists had never mentioned, but Owen wanted people to know about but someone still was yelling out and stumbling as a soldier couldnt put on his helmet and unfortunately died. Owen described the death of the soldier with the theme of water, as the gas killed him, and it is as if the gas was described as water.. under a green sea, I saw him drowning plunges at mechocking, drowning. In the third stanza the tone changes and slows down and after the first two stanzas describing the conditions, the rhythms calms down. Owen makes us feel sorry and quite sad as he describes how they followed the wagon that the soldier had been thrown into the back of. Behind the wagon that we flung him in, and watch the white eyes writhing in his face, his hanging face like a devils sick of sin; this says that the soldier looked so bad that he was like a the devils sick. (Which is not a pretty sight) as the poem draws to an end it is very depressing. gargling from the froth corrupted lungs, obscene as cancer bitter as the cud the cud is a slang word for the countryside, and that could be reverting to the countryside as the battlefield. There is also a feeling of regret as he says incurable sores, on innocent tongues I think this means that it has left a physical mark, or a bad taste in the mouth. The poem then ends with the old lie: dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. Which it is sweet and honourable to die for country, which in Owens view definitely untrue, hence the old lie: In anthem for domed youth, there is a similar tone to dulce, as they were both written by owen at a similar time. In my opinion the reason for the name anthem for doomed youth is because as the soldiers were marching thoughts o death would be running through the soldiers heads. At the start of the 1st stanza there is a question asking what passing bells for those who die as cattle this is an effective way of describing the soldiers because it is like the soldiers are like cows in a slaughterhouse, and the soldiers are just marching to their death. In this poem Owen describes what a soldiers death would be like, and describes what happens when a soldier dies.

Management Essay -- Business Management Leadership

Being a manager takes a great deal of hard work, dedication, and persistence. In order to achieve the goal of becoming a CEO, necessary skills of a manager must be developed and then achieve the skills and confidence to succeed. Since managers are leaders, leadership skills and cross-functional leadership skills must be developed. Lehman Brothers, a global investment bank, emphasizes the importance of â€Å"leadership potential and initiative, as well as problem solving and technical skills.† The management training program will provide a plan of action to strategize and grasp all the necessary skills in a short time to fulfill the goal of becoming the CEO. First and foremost, managers must identify weaknesses, polish up strengths, and learn new ideas and concepts that will improve their leadership qualities. Developing leadership qualities includes perfecting a key set of management skills; conceptual skills, interpersonal skills, technical skills, and political skills. It is important to use interpersonal skills to work with management team members in the program and to listen to ideas and opinions. â€Å"Without strong interpersonal skills, then it is not possible to be a successful manager.† The manager would develop conceptual skills a CEO would encompass to have the vision and determination through the logical thinking process. Also, learning how other people think and accepting the differences that exist would assist in managing them. This would give credibility to the manager as a person who is not afraid to think out of the box and to tread paths that are not always the norm. An amicable environment must be created where people are not afraid to communicate, manage resources and apply ideas and theories to lead ... ...e to the sub-managers whether or not he or she has the technical know-how. The CEO is able to make key decisions for the company that benefits the firm in a macro level and ensures that the decisions are made in the shareholders best interests. The CEO understands Skilos Inc. in a big picture sense, assesses issues, creates good solutions and evaluates results, while keeping a positive morale. The goal would be to work for the betterment of the company while maintaining the mission and vision of the shareholders and company. http://us.rediff.com/money/2005/apr/28spec.htm P. Buhler, Managing in the New Millennium: Interpersonal Skills (article), July 2005 R. Teerlink and L. Ozley, More than a Motorcycle, p. 268 J. Vardallas, How to Keep your Strategic Planning Focused (article), February 2005 L. Stark, Successful Meetings (article), July 2005

Ethical Health Care Issues Essay

According to Women’s Health Resource (2011) â€Å"breast cancer is a serious issue that will affect almost every women worldwide, either directly as someone diagnosed with cancer, or indirectly through the illness of a loved one†( Home, para. 1). In the United States breast cancer is the found in women in their early twenties and thirties. These individuals are more prone to breast cancer because she has a family history of breast cancer. In 2006, approximately 212, 920 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed in the United States (Women’s Health Resource, 2011). The case scenario below will discuss ethical and legal issues regarding a female patient with breast cancer, which refuses treatment for breast cancer. Additionally, the scenario will cover the following four ethical principles: respect for persons/autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence that relates to the case scenario (Bishop, 2003). Case Scenario A 25-year-old female patient made an appointment with her primary care physician because she discovered a lump on her breast. She went to her appointment with her primary care physician the following day. The physician examined her breast and discovered a lump on her breast, so he made a referral for her to see an oncologist in which can diagnose her if she has breast cancer. An oncologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnoses and treatment cancer (The Denise Roberts Breast Cancer Foundation, 2009). The following are the three main types of oncologist: medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, and surgical oncologist, which can practice in hospitals and research centers. The female patient can make an appointment with the oncologist in which he will inform about her condition and different types of treatments available to her in which can reduce her chance of death as well conduct a biopsy. The biopsy will determine if she has breast cancer. The ethical issues are very clear, and they are respect for autonomy and beneficence. Additionally, the legal or ethical principles involved with breast cancer are no different from any other medical  treatment/intervention. Autonomy and Informed Consent As stated by Bishop (2003), â€Å"respect for persons/autonomy is that a physician acknowledges a person’s right to make choices, to hold views, and take actions based on personal values, and beliefs† (p. 7). In order for an adult to refuse treatment, he or she must be legally and mentally capable by meeting the following criteria: 18 years or older, understands the nature of the condition, and voluntary. Additionally, parents with children under the age of 18 have the right to consent to treatment as well refusing treatment for his or her child. As recognized by Miller et al. (2000), physicians have a moral and legal obligation to comply with a patient’s voluntary, informed refusal of life sustaining treatment, regardless of a physician judgment concerning the medical or moral appropriateness of this. In the case of the 25-year-old female patient with breast cancer she rejected medical treatment and was informed by the oncologist about the terminal illness. Death is seen as failure, rather than an important part of life (Smith, 2000). A conflict can arise with the patient because of the decision she made about not receiving care, which can likely end her life. The oncologist is obligated to inform or educate the patient about breast cancer, benefits of treatments, and risks involved with no treatment. The following are treatment options for cancer patients: lumpectomy, mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical reconstruction (Women’s Health Resource, 2011). Although a physician can suggest benefits of any type of treatment the patient has the freedom to choose if he or she wants the treatment as well as ensuring the patient understand his or her own condition. When a patient refuses treatment for breast cancer or any medical condition, the issue of autonomy becomes difficult because of the serious health consequences. The health care professional will offer the patient different options for treatment when this occurs. As stated before the physician should consult with the patient about his or her decision because nurses have ethics and codes of conduct in which he or she must follow. Nurses must care for patients while taking care of him or her as  well as respecting and supporting the patient rights to decline treatment at anytime (Stringer, 2009). Medical professionals should respect the autonomy of patient decisions because it is a critical in the health care industry. Beneficence Rosenthal (2006), the principle of beneficence means that the health care provider must promote the well-being of patients and avoid harm them. Once a patient refuses treatment the health care professional must communicate the harm associated with no treatment for his or her condition. This can play a major role in how beneficence and maleficence is judged. When a patient has breast cancer and refuses treatment there is not another alternative option for the patient. During this principle the health care professional should ensure that he or she is maximizing possible benefits for the patients and minimizing harm when dealing with treatments. The health care professional can suggest certain treatments but the patient does not have to receive any care for his or her condition. When this occurs the physician will focus on different conflict resolutions for the care as well as services. A health care professional job is to offer quality of care to the patient in which he or she will ben efit from the medical treatment. During this principle, the health care professional will act with compassion when informing the patient about the potential benefits and risks for any medical condition. A patient is reliant upon the health care professional for someone who is caring and willing to share in the responsibility as well as treating him or her with dignity and respect. The 25-year-old female does not want treatment in which makes it hard for the oncologist to provide quality of care during the consultation and care. Non-maleficence Rosenthal (2006), during this principle, the health care provider ought to strive not to inflict harm to a patient, a requirement also seen as a duty not to refrain from aiding a patient. In addition, this principle will coincide with beneficence because it is reducing the harm to any patient  although a patient refuses care/treatment. The health care professional is obligated to help the patients to the best of his or her ability by providing benefits, protecting the patient’s interest, and promoting welfare. Additionally, how, and what the health care professional does for a patient should have greater chance of benefiting the patient than harming the patient. This is done by risk benefit analyses, where the health care professional can conduct research on the condition and different medications. The health care professional should explain any side effects for treatments as well as medications that the patient will become knowledgeable about options for his or her conditio n. Justice The principle of justice means to treat others equitably, distribute benefits/burdens fairly (Bishop, 2003). In addition, it is very important for the health care professional to keep a patient informed about treatments and he or she should not provide misinformation to the patient. A major issue with this principle is economic barriers can interfere with a patient when trying to receive treatment and medication. The health care organization is required to provide services/care to a patient regardless of health care coverage, especially the uninsured In addition, the department should that all patients are treated equally regardless of age, race, and ethnicity. Additionally, this principle will focus on justice, which will provide care/treatment regardless of the patient demographics or ethical issues he or she encounters with the health care professional. During this principle, the patient is treated with dignity and respect even though he or she refused care/treatment for any medic al condition. Conclusion Refusal of care is one of the most common ethical dilemmas in the health care industry, which is often difficult to resolve when his or her well-being is threaten. The health care professional must determine, which aspects of autonomy, beneficence, justice, and non-maleficence a patient want before providing care. Administrators within a medical facility must  examine the following underlying issues: competence of a patient, the distinction between apparent, and real refusal of care (Michels, 1981). A physician has the legal duty to provide and ensure the patient with sufficient information about treatment and care when he or she is at the facility. Additionally, an ethical dilemma will exist because of a patient’s right will conflict with a physician obligation of providing quality of care to an individual. This was the case with the 25-year-old female with breast cancer. References Bishop, L. (2003). Ethics Background. Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Retrieved on June 8, 2011 from: http://www.nwabr.org/education/pdfs/PRIMER/Background.pdf Michels, R. (1981). The Right to Refuse Treatment: Ethical Issues. American Psychiatric Association, 32(1), 251-255. Miller, F., Fins, J., & Snyder, L. (2000). Assisted suicide compared with refusal of treatment: a valid distinction?.Annals of Internal Medicine, 132(6), 470-475. Rosenthal, S. M. (2006). Patient Misconceptions and Ethical Challenges in Radioactive Iodine Scanning and Therapy. Journal if Nuclear Medicine Technology, 34( 3), 143-150. Smith, R. (2000). A good death: an important aim for health services and for us all. . British Medical Journal, 320(7228), 129-130. Stringer, S. (2009). Ethical issues involved in patient refusal of life-saving treatment. Cancer Nursing Practice, 8(3), 30-33. The Denise Roberts Breast Cancer Foundation . (2009). What is an Oncologist? Retrieved June 17, 2011 from http://www.tdrbcf.org/oncologist/index.html Women’s Health Resource. (2011). Breast Cancer. Retrieved on June 17, 2011 from http://www.wdxcyber.com/breast_home.html

Witan Pacific Investment Essay Example For Free At Magic Help - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1435 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Investment Essay Did you like this example? Witan Pacific Investment Trust PLC is managed by three managers: Aberdeen Asset Management Limited, Matthews International Capital Management, LLC and Nomura Asset Management U.K. Limited. It is focus on Asia Pacific region. But in 2012, Nomura was taken place by MW GaveKal Asia Limited. Strategy and Objectives: Witan Pacific Investment Trust PLC is an investment trust, which produces investment management, the number of shares in this company is fixed, new money could not get in, but also never return money back. For this part a comparison between Witan Pacific Investment Trust PLC and Pacific Horizon Investment Trust PLC will be used. Horizon is also a investment trust which focus on Pacific Asia region, the comparison between these two companies will be benefit for the research for the comparison of competitors. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Witan Pacific Investment Essay Example For Free At Magic Help" essay for you Create order Objectives: Objective is the main expectation for the fund management, the establishing of objectives is the strategy of the fund management. The main targets for a fund are income and capital growth, so the differences between the objectives for different funds are from the details: how to improve the income and capital growth, risk management, time period for investment, liquidity, ethics, investments target (domestic vs. international, stock vs. bond) and so on. The Objective of Witan Pacific Investment Trust PLC is to provide diversified portfolio, the main target is Asia Pacific region aims to outperform the Index. This objective hasnt been changed since 2008, and it is same to Horizon. For Witan, the objectives are to provide a balanced portfolio of investments in the Asia-Pacific region plans to gain from the MSCI AC Index (MSCI AC Asia Pacific Free Index). The difference between these two funds is Witan is focus on the whole Asia Pacific region, Japan was excluded by Horizon, for Witan, due to include Japan, the investment scope is more widely than Horizon. In 2011, the Moodys downgraded Japans sovereign debt rating, because of Japanese government deficit increasing quickly after the Financial Crisis in 2007. As a large economic entity in Asia Pacific region, Japan has a GDP of 5.98 Trillion USD, for Witan, it is quite a large market to invest, but from the figure of GDP growth rate in the past 6 years it is not a good target, the economic growth rate is not looked very well. 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 China 13 9 9.2 10.3 9.3 7.8 India 9.4 7.3 5.7 9.7 7.9 4.5 SEA 6.3 4.8 1.7 6.7 4.5 5.7 Japan 2.3 -0.7 -6.3 4.3 -0.6 2.0 But for another statistic some reason for Witan to invest in Japan can be found, due to a large number of oversea businesses the Japanese GNI(Gross National Income) was increasing while the GDP( Gross Domestic Product) was going down . That means a lot of companies was still gaining, due to the large market size the Witan could find opportunities for getting profits. 1.2 Strategy: Witan Pacific Investment Trust PLC Annual Report (2012) stated: the fund was managed by two managers in order to actively avoid risk, the growth of the fund are from capital return, mention on the discount to the net asset value for a target companies share, giving discretion to the manager of cash holding, use a moderate levels of leverage to get long-term return, to increase the dividend per share, testing the share carefully, and for increase the income they tried to control costs. The strategy for Witan in the past 5years have changed, but no significant had happened, the mutli-manager was started since 2005, but in 2008, due to the Financial Crisis, the main issue which they were facing is the high financial risk, therefore, the multi-manager policy tended to focus on the risk management. The chairmen of Witan investment Trust PLC stated in the annual report that since the multi-manager started in this company, the investment portfolio has outperformed benchmark by 2.6% per annum. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Return per ordinary share 5.74 -38.66 47.05 47.40 -14.25 Discount to NAV 14.4 19.4 17.1 14.5 17.8 NAV 188.9 152.3 199.0 248.0 235.6 The capital return due to the disadvantageous economic environment was undulated in the past 5years, when the economic was going well, the return is increasing, while the economic was going down, the return decreased. The discount is also a main income for the investment fund, the net asset value attracted the investors to commence it. The discretion for the manager for the managers means greater freedom and trust, and as the limited size of discretion the risk was controlled also. The cost and expense control is an important method of developing the net asset value. There is not argument for the attraction of high income for the investors, but as a close-ended fund, the size of the fund depends on the balance of the fund: if the incom e for the investors over size, the investment for the coming year will not enough, the result is the income for the next year will be decrease, therefore the dividend show be prudent distributed. The approaches taken by the two fund management companies In 2011, the annual report from Witan stated that the Aberdeen tended to pay more attention to the stock selection process than market capitalization weightings. While Nomura will firstly focus on the country and industry weighting. The Graph above had showed some detail of the habit for Nomura to Choose invest country: Japan, Australia, India, South Korea, China, Taiwan. And the personal preference was taken to the job, that is not a good performance, the investment rate of Japan always took the largest part even while the Japanese GDP was decreasing by that time. Otherwise the Aberdeen is not always following the step of index, and as a active manager, the overweight and underweight are quite clear. The Graph has showed the mean reason of why the Nomuras income is quite near to the benchmark. For most of the investments Nomura is in step with the index, that makes Nomura not doing quite good but also not very bad. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Aberdeen 3.0 2.4 10.2 8.7 7.3 Nomura 1.9 -1.6 -0.4 4.1 0.1 Performance against the benchmark 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Aberdeen 5.7 -15.5 39.8 28.7 0.6 Nomura 4.6 -17.5 29.2 24.1 -5.9 Index 1.9 -17.9 29.6 20 -6 Witan 2.6 -19.5 33.4 25.8 -4.1 Performance The performance against means the performance of Aberdeen or Nomura against the index (benchmark), the table 1 stated that the Aberdeen is outperformance in the past 5 years, but Nomura is just around the performance. The performance of Index is related to the global economic environment, in 2009, the Financial Crisis had got to the most serious time, because of the force of economic inertia the economic havent got to the bottom in 2008, but it was on the way, so the speed was going down at that time. And in 2009, the real influence of the Financial Crisis had been shown, the negative mood full of the market, that m ade the economic more serious. According to the table, Aberdeen always goes ahead of the market. The manager for Aberdeen is an active manager, that means the manager is more discretionary for the fund management, for this manager the 10% discretionary fund will effective. The investments are more risky, but with more profits. 50 shares was hold by Aberdeen in 2012, that was more concentrated and challenge, speculator may like this kind of manager. Actually most of the active managers are worse than the index. Nomura is a passive manager, which is more rule-based, that is more likely to be a Japanese style of fund management, for Nomura, it hold around 200 stocks, so that the risk can be decreased enough, and because of the stocks are based on the analysis of country and industry weighing, it will not take a long time to choose stocks. This kind of manager will not give a very huge income to the investors, but also will not make a serious loss. But while the market is not effe ctive enough, the active manager will be more popular. Stocks value performance Aberdeen 50 56% 1.3% Nomura 200 44% 5.9% Result of the two funds growth Table above had showed the performance of the two fund managers in the past 7years, Aberdeen held 50 stocks used the same size of capital and the result is 1.27times as what Nomura did in the past 7 years. Critical examination of the investment performance of the two parts of the fund since 31-05-2007, and evaluation of the decision by the company to remove Nomura as one of the fund managers. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 NAV per share 188.9 152.3 199.0 248.0 235.6 Mid-market price per share 161.8 122.8 165.0 212.0 193.6 Discount to NAV 14.5 19.4 17.1 14.5 17.8 Share price high 188.0 176.0 177.0 221.6 221.5 Share price low 156.0 110.0 106.2 163.0 174.9 The performance of Aberdeen is absolutely well, the From the graph above it can be easily found the performance of Aberdeen is much better than the Nomura, in this fund the two managers both have controlled half of the capital, but after 7years growth the Aberdeen became larger than Nomura. As a fund manager Nomura has under performance with Aberdeen since the multi-managers was started, although the performance of Nomura was not bad, but the underperform hasnt been changed for 7 years that was not the shareholder wanted.