A Stars Life And Death Sciences Essay

A Stars Life And Death Sciences EssayWhen we numerate along in the sky at night and see all told the lead storys your eyes feces see. We think they be permanent although we may think this technology has given us the chance to see otherwise. Massive telescopes exchangeable the Hubble put telescope has let us experience and see the birth and death of principal sums. Where some stars right burn out and fade away other stars go out with a bang. There argon billions upon billions of starts in space and their all different sizes. But entirely one type of star ordain get together in and turn its self into a dark hole.A protostarLets start from the takening, the pillars of creation is a piece of a space nebula 7,000 light years away from earth in the eagle nebula it is on the dot one of the billion birth places of stars. What are they made up of well Ill state you they are made up of dust gas and different elements of the periodic table like total heat, helium, calcium ox ygen silicone and iron.As gravitational attraction forces this dust and gas mixture into a flat disc assemblage draws, a process in which more(prenominal) atoms are added to create a protostar. straight at this stagecoach a star is not yet stable because of the countless(prenominal) reactions occurring within the forming star. For this newly forming star to fail stable it mustiness reach equilibrium. Equilibrium is the balancing act between the star and gravity. Equilibrium occurs by gas pressure equaling the force of gravity. Gas pressure occurs by thermonuclear confederation which is the combining of the nuclei of gnomish atoms to form the nuclei of larger ones, with a resulting release of large quantities of energy. For nuclear fusion to begin and equilibrium to occur the mettle of a protostar has to reach 18 million degrees Fahrenheit. When it reaches this critical temperature it pass on begin nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. And if nuclear fusion doesnt cle ar it pull up stakes residual up a brown dwarf. at once nuclear fusion begins a star is born.Main epoch starA main sequence star is made up of essentially two sections the core where nuclear fusion occurs and the outer volatilised shell. Stars will live out most of their life in the main sequence just as our sun is. Once a star begins nuclear fusion it becomes self luminous it generates its own heat. Now how long will a star live out its life well thats hard to tell it all depends on the stars mussiness and it turns out that how hot a star is will determine the trick of the star like for instance a red dwarf star which is to 1/10 the mass of our sun. With its surface temperature less than 7,000 degrees Fahrenheit and is also the most common type of star in the universe. hitherto we dont see the small Red stars we see the massive blue main sequence star, its surface temperature is 45,000 degrees Fahrenheit, it is up to 20 times the mass of the sun and up to 10,000 times more luminous than that of our sun. There is further a down side to being a massive blue star. With that being said the less the mass of a star the less atoms a star has to maintain its equilibrium. The bigger the mass of a star the more atoms a star will have to maintain its equilibrium. With regards to a stars life however the more massive a star the shorter its life will be and the less massive a star the longer its life. This is because in larger stars thermonuclear fusion happens at a much windy rate than that of a smaller star. Once a star has reached equilibrium it has not stopped ever-changing there just isnt a huge amount of change going on, and as we already deal a star will live out most of its life in this stage. But we must remember gravity forced the star unitedly to begin with and it also wants to destroy it.The beginning of the endOnce a star has run out of hydrogen to convert to helium, the star will begin to lose weight so that it can begin to convert helium to c arbon so that the star can continue to hold up its equilibrium. For a star to convert helium the internal temperature of the star must reach an astounding 180 million degrees Fahrenheit. at this point the star has now become a red giant or red super giant. As gravity causes the core to contract helium will begin to burn in the core. But rapid hydrogen reactions occur faster in the outer spirit levels of the star. As the temperature of the shell increases the outer layers will begin to swell and expand. Since fusion is releasing more energy in the helium burning stage than in the main sequence the star is a lot less stable. As the star begins to run out of helium it will again contract to convert helium to carbon and oxygen into neon wherefore, magnesium, silicone, sulfur and then iron. As massive stars come to the end of their life it begins to look like an onion in cross section with the outer layer being hydrogen and the inside being layer after lay after layer of heavier elemen ts. As the massive star tries to convert iron it fails because iron being the stable of all nuclei absorbs energy sooner of releasing it. When fusion decreases temperature will also decrease. And the rate of the star collapse increases. As the iron core builds up in the star and gravity contracts it even further the iron core will form and smash through the outer layers of the sun kicking of a type 2 super nova. The only thing left of the star is the core left completely intact. Gravity still not well-favored up on destroying this star will contract it even further and force this core of a star to convert electrons to neutrons only one problem neutrons dont like to be near each other. So now you have a new stable object even smaller and denser. This compact star core becomes a rapid whirling ball of neutrons. Which give the star the name neutron star as gravity compacts this neutron star even further and if at the last moments of the neutron stars death enough matter move in to its core it will collapse into itself and form a black hole in which cryptograph escapes not even light.So lets recap we have talked about gravity forcing dust and gas together to form a protostar. Also how nuclear fusion is what makes a star a star and for that to happen the core must reach 18 million degrees Fahrenheit. We also went over that as soon as nuclear fusion begins a star is born. As a star comes to the main sequence it will live here for most of its life. But as soon as the star runs out of hydrogen gravity will contract it until it reaches an internal temperature of 180 million degrees Fahrenheit and will burn helium to keep its equilibrium. The sun will also convert carbon and oxygen into neon then, magnesium, silicone, sulfur and then iron trying to fight off gravities crushing force. But it doesnt happen and the iron core in the star will rebound sending of shock waves causing a type 2 supernova. go away the left over core intact and allowing gravity to take over again gravity will force the electrons left over in the core to neutrons and now we have a neutron star that gravity will compress and if enough matter falls in the core it will eventually collapse in on itself and form a black hole.All information I used in this speech came from the history channels The Universe Life and death of a star. Season 1 occurrence 10 and also form http//sunshine.chpc.utah.edu life cycle of a star.Picture of brown dwarf star form http//news.discovery.com/space/rogue-brown-dwarf-lurks-in-our-cosmic-neighborhood.htmlPicture of Red super giant form http//www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_784.htmlPicture of black hole destroying to stars if an artists enactments of the destruction of a black hole picture form http//www.cosmographica.com title Don Dixon space art.All other pictures seen here today were from Hubble space telescope http//hubblesite.orgI would like to thank all of you for taking the time to listen to my speech on a stars life and death. Enjoy the rest of your day.